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Diplomacy & Crisis News

Pope Francis Should Reject Callista Gingrich as Ambassador (for Adultery)

Foreign Policy - Wed, 09/08/2017 - 16:00
The pontiff rejected a French ambassador just because he was gay; surely, he should reject Trump's pick for her sins.

State Dept. Rebuts Criticism: ‘We Are Hitting on All Cylinders’

Foreign Policy - Wed, 09/08/2017 - 15:33
Reports of the death of U.S. diplomacy are greatly exaggerated, State says.

The Only Enemy Pakistan’s Army Can Beat Is Its Own Democracy

Foreign Policy - Wed, 09/08/2017 - 15:00
The country's prime ministers have always come and gone at the behest of the generals who really run the country.

Will China and India Go to War Over This Tiny 12-Mile Strip of Land?

Foreign Policy - Wed, 09/08/2017 - 14:30
India is trying to shield a narrow chokepoint from Chinese encroachment.

SitRep: Trump, North Korea, and Target Lists

Foreign Policy - Wed, 09/08/2017 - 13:38
  With Adam Rawnsley War of words. Within hours of President Donald Trump’s promise that if North Korea continues to add to its nuclear and ballistic missile capability, “they will be met with fire, fury…the likes of which the world has never seen,” Pyongyang issued its first specific threat against a U.S. target in recent ...

La ruse et la force

Politique étrangère (IFRI) - Wed, 09/08/2017 - 09:00

Cette recension a été publiée dans le numéro d’été de Politique étrangère (n°2/2017). Rémy Hémez, chercheur au Laboratoire de recherche sur la défense (LRD) de l’Ifri, propose une analyse de l’ouvrage de Jean-Vincent Holeindre, La ruse et la force. Une autre histoire de la stratégie (Perrin, 2017, 528 pages).

Avec cet ouvrage, Jean-Vincent Holeindre, professeur de science politique à l’université de Poitiers et directeur scientifique de l’Institut de recherche stratégique de l’école militaire (IRSEM), cherche à en finir avec le « modèle occidental de la guerre ». Ce dernier serait marqué davantage par la force que par la ruse qui, elle, serait inefficace et illégitime. Le pari de l’auteur est réussi avec brio. Au travers d’une « histoire dialectique et généalogique », il montre bien que la ruse n’est pas le parent pauvre de la stratégie, et qu’elle est tout à fait compatible avec la force. L’auteur aboutit ainsi à une intéressante définition de la stratégie comme « l’art de dompter la violence armée par les moyens de l’intelligence pour en faire une force maîtrisée et efficace, capable d’emporter la victoire ».

Une première partie du livre est consacrée à la formation de la stratégie dans le contexte antique. L’auteur y propose sa lecture de l’Iliade et l’Odyssée, et montre notamment que dans la première, souvent vue comme le poème de la force, la ruse n’est pas absente. L’auteur reprend à plusieurs reprises la distinction symbolique entre Achille, héros de la force qui est un soldat, et Ulysse, héros de la ruse qui est un stratège. Jean-Vincent Holeindre considère que la guerre du Péloponnèse constitue un tournant, puisque les Grecs y ont appris à mener une « autre » guerre, différente des tactiques hoplitiques, et prenant davantage en compte la surprise. La ruse s’impose alors comme un appui indispensable. Plus tard, les Romains n’ont de cesse de dénoncer la ruse sur les plans moral et juridique mais n’hésitent pas à l’employer sur le plan stratégique. Ils tirent surtout d’importantes leçons au contact de leurs ennemis, ce qui les pousse à renforcer le rôle qu’ils prêtent au renseignement et à l’usage de stratagèmes.

La deuxième partie traite de la « modernité stratégique ». L’auteur y aborde notamment la question de la ruse chez Machiavel et Clausewitz, mais il convoque d’abord trois figures essentielles de la guerre qui émergent entre le Moyen Âge et le début de la Renaissance. Le chevalier, pour qui la ruse compte – on pense par exemple à Bertrand du Guesclin – mais n’est plus envisageable une fois la bataille engagée. L’ingénieur militaire, qui devient un « maître des stratagèmes » dans le cadre de la guerre de siège. Enfin, le « soldat de l’humanisme » voit la ruse fortement valorisée, tant pour dominer le combat que pour épargner des vies.

La troisième partie rend compte du « devenir de la ruse ». L’auteur revient sur les grandes opérations d’intoxication de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et sur la guerre dans le désert où, avec Allenby, la ruse n’est plus seulement le résultat de l’imagination du stratège mais le fruit d’un plan conçu par les états-majors. L’ultime chapitre de l’ouvrage est consacré au terrorisme et à ce que l’auteur appelle la « stratégie du poulpe » : animal capable de tout enserrer, très difficile à saisir et se régénérant lorsqu’une de ses tentacules est sectionnée.

Jean-Vincent Holeindre nous offre ici une réflexion passionnante, aidée d’un style clair. Il démontre parfaitement que « la ruse sans la force est impuissante et que la force sans la ruse est aveugle ».

Rémy Hémez

Pour vous abonner à Politique étrangère, cliquez ici.

The Trump Administration’s Leakers Deserve to Be Investigated

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 23:25
But Jeff Sessions might not be up for the job.

Trump Threatens North Korea With ‘Fire and Fury the World Has Never Seen’

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 22:00
Vague threats of nuclear war? Must be Tuesday!

South African President Survives Sixth No-Confidence Vote

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 21:23
The opposition comes as close as it ever has to removing Jacob Zuma from office.

Don’t Leave U.S. Support for Africa Hanging by a Thread

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 20:41
For well over a decade, it has been increasingly difficult to find issues on which Republicans and Democrats can agree, but this is one: Since 2000, there has been a strong bipartisan consensus — in Congress and the White House — that increasing economic engagement with Africa furthers our country’s strategic, financial, political and humanitarian ...

En Inde, les espoirs de l'« homme ordinaire »

Le Monde Diplomatique - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 19:54
Avec pas moins de quatre cents candidats dans toute l'Inde, le Parti de l'homme ordinaire, populaire et ambitieux, a fait du chemin depuis le printemps de ses origines, en 2011. / Inde, Élections, Nationalisme, Parti politique, Pauvreté, Politique, Racisme, Corruption - (...) / , , , , , , , - 2014/05

Trump’s Syria Strategy Hinges on Russia

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 19:53
But does the president have enough leverage to make Moscow do what’s necessary?

Putin Heads to Occupied Georgia Territory on War Anniversary

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 18:23
It's a slap at Mike Pence and Georgia itself nine years after the Russian invasion.

Can Sessions Turn Off the Faucet?

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 17:15
Attorney General tries to prove he’s not “very weak” on leaks.

Donald Trump Is Defining Successful Foreign Policy Down

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 16:54
The White House’s North Korea latest sanctions are benefiting from the soft bigotry of low expectations.

Fox News Has Completed Its Transformation Into Trump TV

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 16:31
Who needs state-owned propaganda when the president has friends like these?

Book excerpt: Defense Secretary Mattis discusses his favorite books, and why

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 16:31
General James Mattis has accumulated perhaps one of the largest personal libraries of an active-duty military officer ever known in the modern world.

Quote of the day: Gen. Mattis’ reading list, and why he looks more to the East

Foreign Policy - Tue, 08/08/2017 - 16:27
Tom note: I’d forgotten about this item, which originally ran on June 8, 2015. I am rerunning it now because it has current interest.

Taux d'abstention aux élections municipales de 2008

Le Monde Diplomatique - Mon, 07/08/2017 - 19:46
/ France, Élections, Politique, Société - Europe / , , , - Europe

Soft Power Gain for Taiwan

Foreign Policy Blogs - Mon, 07/08/2017 - 16:03

Reporters Without Borders (RSF) released its annual 2017 World Press Freedom Index which revealed Taiwan as the top place among other Asian countries and ranks no. 45 in the world (nations in black are the least free). (RSF)

In the quest for geopolitical influence, soft power can often augment a nation’s traditional hard power resource of a strong military. The concept of soft power, often associated with Harvard professor Joseph Nye, has been defined as “a persuasive approach to international relations, typically involving the use of economic or cultural influence.” Nations have long used economic incentives or foreign aid to win friends internationally, and the widespread popularity of a nation’s culture, such as Hollywood movies and South Korean pop culture, can also contribute to positive images of a country.

While nations may seek positive images in the quest for soft power, oftentimes the opposite occurs, and nations lose soft power. Two recent examples include the U.S., where the new president has yet to gain the confidence of the majority of the public. According to a new Pew Research Center survey spanning 37 nations, a median of just 22% have confidence in Trump to do the right thing when it comes to international affairs, and favorable views of the U.S. have fallen from 64% to 49%. Inside the U.S., 53% of voters disapprove of the job President Trump’s doing, according to a new Fox News Poll

Over in China, President Xi Jinping’s numbers are not much better, with a 28% of those world citizens polled believing Xi would do the right thing regarding world affairs. The reasons behind this low polling are varied, but are arguably influenced by the detention of human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo, who called for political reforms and died on July 13 in custody.

 One nation which recently gained some soft power, whose status remains a bone of contention among Washington and Beijing, is Taiwan. The decision by Reporters Without Borders (Reporters Sans Frontières) to open its first Asian regional headquarters in Taipei, is a stark departure from original plans to locate in Hong Kong. In explaining its decision, RSF (an advocate for press freedom) cited concerns over increasing media control in Hong Kong and potential infiltration by spies from mainland China.

According to RSF’s global rankings last year, Taiwan has now become the freest country on the Asian continent. At a news conference in Taipei last month, announcing the official launch of RSF, its secretary-general Christophe Deloire said “Taiwan is pure evidence that democracy and press freedom are possible in Chinese culture, and that is really one of the strongest arguments against claims by Beijing authorities their system is really adapted to Chinese culture.”

Soft power gains, such as the location of RSF to Taipei, can in part offset other losses (the recent loss of diplomatic recognition of Taiwan by countries like Panama), are often cost-effective compared to risky foreign investment, and should continue to be pursued as an effective tool in augmenting hard power.

The post Soft Power Gain for Taiwan appeared first on Foreign Policy Blogs.

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